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portuguese pavement
Portuguese pavement (''calçada portuguesa'', , ), is a traditional-style pavement used for many pedestrian areas in Portugal. It consists of small flat pieces of various different stones, arranged to form a pattern or picture, like a mosaic. It can also be found in Olivença (a disputed territory administered by Spain) and throughout old Portuguese colonies, such as Brazil and Macau. Portuguese workers are also hired for their skill in creating these pavements in places such as Gibraltar. Being usually used in sidewalks, it is in squares and atriums that this art finds its deepest expression.
One of the most distinctive uses of this paving technique is the image of Saint Elizabeth of Portugal, in Coimbra, designed with black and white stones of limestone.
==Origins==
Paving as a craft is believed to have originated in Mesopotamia, where rocky materials were used in the inside and outside of constructions, being later brought to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
The Romans used to pave the ''vias'' connecting the empire using materials to be found in the surroundings. Some of the techniques introduced then are still applied on the ''calçada'', most noticeably the use of a ''foundation'' and a ''surfacing''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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